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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Preamble1. Getting Started
1.1 What is Calc?2. Tutorial
1.2 About This Manual
1.3 Notations Used in This Manual
1.4 A Demonstration of Calc
1.5 Using Calc
1.5.1 Starting Calc1.6 History and Acknowledgements
1.5.2 The Standard Calc Interface
1.5.3 Quick Mode (Overview)
1.5.4 Keypad Mode (Overview)
1.5.5 Standalone Operation
1.5.6 Embedded Mode (Overview)
1.5.7 Other M-# Commands
3. Tutorial
3.1 Basic Tutorial4. Introduction
3.1.1 RPN Calculations and the Stack3.2 Arithmetic Tutorial
3.1.2 Algebraic-Style Calculations
3.1.3 Undo and Redo
3.1.4 Mode-Setting Commands
3.3 Vector/Matrix Tutorial
3.3.1 Vector Analysis3.4 Types Tutorial
3.3.2 Matrices
3.3.3 Vectors as Lists
3.5 Algebra and Calculus Tutorial
3.5.1 Basic Algebra3.6 Programming Tutorial
3.5.2 Rewrite Rules
3.7 Answers to Exercises
3.7.1 RPN Tutorial Exercise 1
3.7.2 RPN Tutorial Exercise 2
3.7.3 RPN Tutorial Exercise 3
3.7.4 RPN Tutorial Exercise 4
3.7.5 Algebraic Entry Tutorial Exercise 1
3.7.6 Algebraic Entry Tutorial Exercise 2
3.7.7 Algebraic Entry Tutorial Exercise 3
3.7.8 Modes Tutorial Exercise 1
3.7.9 Modes Tutorial Exercise 2
3.7.10 Modes Tutorial Exercise 3
3.7.11 Modes Tutorial Exercise 4
3.7.12 Arithmetic Tutorial Exercise 1
3.7.13 Arithmetic Tutorial Exercise 2
3.7.14 Vector Tutorial Exercise 1
3.7.15 Vector Tutorial Exercise 2
3.7.16 Matrix Tutorial Exercise 1
3.7.17 Matrix Tutorial Exercise 2
3.7.18 Matrix Tutorial Exercise 3
3.7.19 List Tutorial Exercise 1
3.7.20 List Tutorial Exercise 2
3.7.21 List Tutorial Exercise 3
3.7.22 List Tutorial Exercise 4
3.7.23 List Tutorial Exercise 5
3.7.24 List Tutorial Exercise 6
3.7.25 List Tutorial Exercise 7
3.7.26 List Tutorial Exercise 8
3.7.27 List Tutorial Exercise 9
3.7.28 List Tutorial Exercise 10
3.7.29 List Tutorial Exercise 11
3.7.30 List Tutorial Exercise 12
3.7.31 List Tutorial Exercise 13
3.7.32 List Tutorial Exercise 14
3.7.33 Types Tutorial Exercise 1
3.7.34 Types Tutorial Exercise 2
3.7.35 Types Tutorial Exercise 3
3.7.36 Types Tutorial Exercise 4
3.7.37 Types Tutorial Exercise 5
3.7.38 Types Tutorial Exercise 6
3.7.39 Types Tutorial Exercise 7
3.7.40 Types Tutorial Exercise 8
3.7.41 Types Tutorial Exercise 9
3.7.42 Types Tutorial Exercise 10
3.7.43 Types Tutorial Exercise 11
3.7.44 Types Tutorial Exercise 12
3.7.45 Types Tutorial Exercise 13
3.7.46 Types Tutorial Exercise 14
3.7.47 Types Tutorial Exercise 15
3.7.48 Algebra Tutorial Exercise 1
3.7.49 Algebra Tutorial Exercise 2
3.7.50 Algebra Tutorial Exercise 3
3.7.51 Algebra Tutorial Exercise 4
3.7.52 Rewrites Tutorial Exercise 1
3.7.53 Rewrites Tutorial Exercise 2
3.7.54 Rewrites Tutorial Exercise 3
3.7.55 Rewrites Tutorial Exercise 4
3.7.56 Rewrites Tutorial Exercise 5
3.7.57 Rewrites Tutorial Exercise 6
3.7.58 Rewrites Tutorial Exercise 7
3.7.59 Programming Tutorial Exercise 1
3.7.60 Programming Tutorial Exercise 2
3.7.61 Programming Tutorial Exercise 3
3.7.62 Programming Tutorial Exercise 4
3.7.63 Programming Tutorial Exercise 5
3.7.64 Programming Tutorial Exercise 6
3.7.65 Programming Tutorial Exercise 7
3.7.66 Programming Tutorial Exercise 8
3.7.67 Programming Tutorial Exercise 9
3.7.68 Programming Tutorial Exercise 10
3.7.69 Programming Tutorial Exercise 11
3.7.70 Programming Tutorial Exercise 12
4.1 Basic Commands5. Data Types
4.2 Help Commands
4.3 Stack Basics
4.4 Numeric Entry
4.5 Algebraic Entry
4.6 "Quick Calculator" Mode
4.7 Numeric Prefix Arguments
4.8 Undoing Mistakes
4.9 Error Messages
4.10 Multiple Calculators
4.11 Troubleshooting Commands
4.11.1 Autoloading Problems
4.11.2 Recursion Depth
4.11.3 Caches
4.11.4 Debugging Calc
5.1 Integers6. Stack and Trail Commands
5.2 Fractions
5.3 Floats
5.4 Complex Numbers
5.5 Infinities
5.6 Vectors and Matrices
5.7 Strings
5.8 HMS Forms
5.9 Date Forms
5.10 Modulo Forms
5.11 Error Forms
5.12 Interval Forms
5.13 Incomplete Objects
5.14 Variables
5.15 Formulas
6.1 Stack Manipulation Commands7. Mode Settings
6.2 Editing Stack Entries
6.3 Trail Commands
6.4 Keep Arguments
7.1 General Mode Commands8. Arithmetic Functions
7.2 Precision
7.3 Inverse and Hyperbolic Flags
7.4 Calculation Modes
7.4.1 Angular Modes7.5 Simplification Modes
7.4.2 Polar Mode
7.4.3 Fraction Mode
7.4.4 Infinite Mode
7.4.5 Symbolic Mode
7.4.6 Matrix and Scalar Modes
7.4.7 Automatic Recomputation
7.4.8 Working Messages
7.6 Declarations
7.6.1 Declaration Basics7.7 Display Modes
7.6.2 Kinds of Declarations
7.6.3 Functions for Declarations
7.7.1 Radix Modes7.8 Language Modes
7.7.2 Grouping Digits
7.7.3 Float Formats
7.7.4 Complex Formats
7.7.5 Fraction Formats
7.7.6 HMS Formats
7.7.7 Date Formats
7.7.7.1 Date Formatting Codes7.7.8 Truncating the Stack
7.7.7.2 Free-Form Dates
7.7.7.3 Standard Date Formats
7.7.9 Justification
7.7.10 Labels
7.8.1 Normal Language Modes7.9 The
7.8.2 C, FORTRAN, and Pascal Modes
7.8.3 TeX Language Mode
7.8.4 Eqn Language Mode
7.8.5 Mathematica Language Mode
7.8.6 Maple Language Mode
7.8.7 Compositions
7.8.7.1 Composition Basics7.8.8 Syntax Tables
7.8.7.2 Horizontal Compositions
7.8.7.3 Vertical Compositions
7.8.7.4 Other Compositions
7.8.7.5 Information about Compositions
7.8.7.6 User-Defined Compositions
7.8.8.1 Syntax Table Basics
7.8.8.2 Precedence
7.8.8.3 Advanced Syntax Patterns
7.8.8.4 Conditional Syntax Rules
Modes
Variable
7.10 The Calc Mode Line
8.1 Basic Arithmetic9. Scientific Functions
8.2 Integer Truncation
8.3 Complex Number Functions
8.4 Conversions
8.5 Date Arithmetic
8.5.1 Date Conversions8.6 Financial Functions
8.5.2 Date Functions
8.5.3 Business Days
8.5.4 Time Zones
8.6.1 Percentages8.7 Binary Number Functions
8.6.2 Future Value
8.6.3 Present Value
8.6.4 Related Financial Functions
8.6.5 Depreciation Functions
8.6.6 Definitions
9.1 Logarithmic Functions10. Vector/Matrix Functions
9.2 Trigonometric/Hyperbolic Functions
9.3 Advanced Mathematical Functions
9.4 Branch Cuts and Principal Values
9.5 Random Numbers
9.5.1 Random Number Generator9.6 Combinatorial Functions
9.7 Probability Distribution Functions
10.1 Packing and Unpacking11. Algebra
10.2 Building Vectors
10.3 Extracting Vector Elements
10.4 Manipulating Vectors
10.5 Vector and Matrix Arithmetic
10.6 Set Operations using Vectors
10.7 Statistical Operations on Vectors
10.7.1 Single-Variable Statistics10.8 Reducing and Mapping Vectors
10.7.2 Paired-Sample Statistics
10.8.1 Specifying Operators10.9 Vector and Matrix Display Formats
10.8.2 Mapping
10.8.3 Reducing
10.8.4 Nesting and Fixed Points
10.8.5 Generalized Products
11.1 Selecting Sub-Formulas12. Operating on Units
11.1.1 Making Selections11.2 Algebraic Manipulation
11.1.2 Changing Selections
11.1.3 Displaying Selections
11.1.4 Operating on Selections
11.1.5 Rearranging Formulas using Selections
11.3 Simplifying Formulas
11.3.1 Default Simplifications11.4 Polynomials
11.3.2 Algebraic Simplifications
11.3.3 "Unsafe" Simplifications
11.3.4 Simplification of Units
11.5 Calculus
11.5.1 Differentiation11.6 Solving Equations
11.5.2 Integration
11.5.3 Customizing the Integrator
11.5.4 Numerical Integration
11.5.5 Taylor Series
11.6.1 Multiple Solutions11.7 Numerical Solutions
11.6.2 Solving Systems of Equations
11.6.3 Decomposing Polynomials
11.7.1 Root Finding11.8 Curve Fitting
11.7.2 Minimization
11.7.3 Systems of Equations
11.8.1 Linear Fits11.9 Summations
11.8.2 Polynomial and Multilinear Fits
11.8.3 Error Estimates for Fits
11.8.4 Standard Nonlinear Models
11.8.5 Curve Fitting Details
11.8.6 Polynomial Interpolation
11.10 Logical Operations
11.11 Rewrite Rules
11.11.1 Entering Rewrite Rules
11.11.2 Basic Rewrite Rules
11.11.3 Conditional Rewrite Rules
11.11.4 Algebraic Properties of Rewrite Rules
11.11.5 Other Features of Rewrite Rules
11.11.6 Composing Patterns in Rewrite Rules
11.11.7 Nested Formulas with Rewrite Rules
11.11.8 Multi-Phase Rewrite Rules
11.11.9 Selections with Rewrite Rules
11.11.10 Matching Commands
11.11.11 Automatic Rewrites
11.11.12 Debugging Rewrites
11.11.13 Examples of Rewrite Rules
12.1 Basic Operations on Units13. Storing and Recalling
12.2 The Units Table
12.3 Predefined Units
12.4 User-Defined Units
13.1 Storing Variables14. Graphics
13.2 Recalling Variables
13.3 Other Operations on Variables
13.4 The Let Command
13.5 The Evaluates-To Operator
14.1 Basic Graphics15. Kill and Yank Functions
14.2 Three-Dimensional Graphics
14.3 Managing Curves
14.4 Graphics Options
14.5 Graphical Devices
15.1 Killing from the Stack16. "Keypad" Mode
15.2 Yanking into the Stack
15.3 Grabbing from Other Buffers
15.4 Yanking into Other Buffers
15.5 X Cut and Paste
16.1 Main Menu17. Embedded Mode
16.2 Functions Menu
16.3 Binary Menu
16.4 Vectors Menu
16.5 Modes Menu
17.1 Basic Embedded Mode18. Programming
17.2 More About Embedded Mode
17.3 Assignments in Embedded Mode
17.4 Mode Settings in Embedded Mode
17.5 Customizing Embedded Mode
18.1 Creating User KeysA. Installation
18.2 Programming with Keyboard Macros
18.2.1 Naming Keyboard Macros18.3 Invocation Macros
18.2.2 Conditionals in Keyboard Macros
18.2.3 Loops in Keyboard Macros
18.2.4 Local Values in Macros
18.2.5 Queries in Keyboard Macros
18.4 Programming with Formulas
18.5 Programming with Lisp
18.5.1 Defining New Functions
18.5.2 Defining New Simple Commands
18.5.3 Defining New Stack-Based Commands
18.5.4 Argument Qualifiers
18.5.5 Example Definitions
18.5.5.1 Bit-Counting18.5.6 Calling Calc from Your Lisp Programs
18.5.5.2 The Sine Function
18.5.6.1 Additional Arguments to18.5.7 Calculator Internalscalc-eval
18.5.6.2 Error Handling
18.5.6.3 Numbers Only
18.5.6.4 Default Modes
18.5.6.5 Raw Numbers
18.5.6.6 Predicates
18.5.6.7 Variable Values
18.5.6.8 Stack Access
18.5.6.9 Keyboard Macros
18.5.6.10 Lisp Evaluation
18.5.6.11 Example
18.5.7.1 Data Type Formats
18.5.7.2 Interactive Functions
18.5.7.3 Stack-Oriented Functions
18.5.7.4 Predicates
18.5.7.5 Computational Functions
18.5.7.6 Vector Functions
18.5.7.7 Symbolic Functions
18.5.7.8 I/O and Formatting Functions
18.5.7.9 Hooks
A.1 Upgrading from Calc 1.07B. Reporting Bugs
A.2 The `make public' Command
A.3 Compilation
A.4 Auto-loading
A.5 Finding Component Files
A.6 Merging Source Files
A.7 Key Bindings
A.8 The `macedit' Package
A.9 The GNUPLOT Program
A.10 On-Line Documentation
A.11 Printed Documentation
A.12 Settings File
A.13 Testing the Installation
C. Calc Summary
Index of Key Sequences
Index of Calculator Commands
Index of Algebraic Functions
Concept Index
Index of Variables
Index of Lisp Math Functions