This document describes how to install Debian GNU/Linux sarge for the Intel x86 (「i386」) with the new debian-installer. It is a quick walkthrough of the installation process which should contain all the information you will need for most installs. When more information can be useful, we will link to more detailed explanations in the Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide.
If you encounter bugs during your install, please refer to 項5.3.5. 「バグ報告の送信」 for instructions on how to report them. If you have questions which cannot be answered by this document, please direct them to the debian-boot mailing list (debian-boot@lists.debian.org) or ask on irc (#debian-boot on the freenode network).
The debian-cd team provides builds of CD images using debian-installer on the Debian CD page. For more information on where to get CDs, see 項4.1. 「公式 Debian GNU/Linux CD-ROM セット」.
Some installation methods require other images than CD images. 項4.2.3. 「インストール用ファイルのありか」 explains how to find images on Debian mirrors.
The subsections below will give the details about which images you should get for each possible means of installation.
There are two different netinst CD images which can be used to install sarge with the debian-installer. These images are intended to boot from CD and install additional packages over a network, hence the name 'netinst'. The difference between the two images is that on the full netinst image the base packages are included, whereas you have to download these from the web if you are using the business card image. If you'd rather, you can get a full size CD image which will not need the network to install. You only need the first CD of the set.
Download whichever type you prefer and burn it to a CD. To boot the CD, you may need to change your BIOS configuration, as explained in ???.
If you can't boot from CD, you can download floppy images to install Debian. You need the floppy/boot.img, the floppy/root.img and possibly one of the driver disks.
The boot floppy is the one with boot.img on it. This floppy, when booted, will prompt you to insert a second floppy -- use the one with root.img on it.
If you're planning to install over the network, you will usually need the floppy/net-drivers.img, which contains additional drivers for many ethernet cards, and support for PCMCIA.
If you have a CD, but cannot boot from it, then boot from floppies and use floppy/cd-drivers.img on a driver disk to complete the install using the CD.
Floppy disks are one of the least reliable media around, so be prepared for lots of bad disks (see 項5.3.1. 「フロッピーディスクの信頼性」). Each .img file you downloaded goes on a single floppy; you can use the dd command to write it to /dev/fd0 or some other means (see 項4.3. 「ディスクイメージからのフロッピーの作成」 for details). Since you'll have more than one floppy, it's a good idea to label them.
It's also possible to install from removable USB storage devices. For example a USB keychain can make a handy Debian install media that you can take with you anywhere.
The easiest way to prepare your USB memory stick is to download hd-media/boot.img.gz, and use gunzip to extract the 128 MB image from that file. Write this image directly to your memory stick, which must be at least 128 mb in size. Of course this will destroy anything already on the memory stick. Then mount the memory stick, which will now have a FAT filesystem on it. Next, download a Debian netinst CD image, and copy that file to the memory stick; any filename is ok as long as it ends in ".iso".
There are other, more flexible ways to set up a memory stick to use the debian-installer, and it's possible to get it to work with smaller memory sticks. For details, see 項4.4. 「USB メモリスティックでの起動用ファイルの準備」.
Some BIOSes can boot USB storage directly, and some cannot. You may need to configure your BIOS to boot from a "removable drive" or even a "USB-ZIP" to get it to boot from the USB device. If it doesn't, you can boot from one floppy and use the USB stick for the rest of the install. For helpful hints and details, see 項5.1.4. 「USB メモリスティックからの起動」.
It's also possible to boot debian-installer completely from the net. The various methods to netboot depend on your architecture and netboot setup. The files in netboot/ can be used to netboot debian-installer.
The easiest thing to set up is probably PXE netbooting. Untar the file netboot/pxeboot.tar.gz into /var/lib/tftpboot or wherever is appropriate for your tftp server. Set up your DHCP server to pass filename "/pxelinux.0" to clients, and it with luck everything will just work. For detailed instructions, see 項4.6. 「TFTP ネットブート用ファイルの準備」
It's possible to boot the installer using no removable media, but just an existing hard disk, which can have a different OS on it. Download hd-media/initrd.gz, hd-media/vmlinuz, and a Debian CD image to the top-level directory of the hard disk. Make sure that the CD image has a filename ending in ".iso". Now it's just a matter of booting linux with the initrd. 項5.1.3. 「LILO や GRUB を用いた linux からの起動」 explains one way to do it.
Once the installer starts, you will be greeted with an initial screen. Press Enter to boot, or read the instructions for other boot methods and parameters (see 項5.2. 「ブートパラメータ」). If you want a 2.6 kernel, type "linux26" at the boot: prompt.
After a while you will be asked to select your language. Use the arrow keys to pick a language and press ENTER to continue. Next you'll be asked to select your country, with the choices including countries where your language is spoken. If it's not on the short list, a list of all the countires in the world is available.
You may be asked to confirm your keyboard layout. Choose the default unless you know better.
Now sit back while debian-installer detects some of your hardware, and loads the rest of itself from CD, floppy, USB, etc.
Next the installer will try to detect your network hardware and set up networking by DHCP. If you are not on a network or do not have DHCP, you will be given the opportunity to configure the network manually.
Now it is time to partition your disks. First you will be given the opportunity to automatically partition either an entire drive, or free space on a drive. This is recommended for new users or anyone in a hurry, but if you do not want to autopartition, choose manual from the menu.
On the next screen you will see your partition table, how the partitions will be formatted, and where they will be mounted. Select a partition to modify or delete it. If you did automatic partitioning, you should just be able to choose "Finished partitioning" from the menu to use what it set up. Remember to assign at least one partition for swap space and to mount a partition on "/". 付録 A. Debian でのパーティション分割 has more information about partitioning.
Now debian-installer formats your partitions and starts to install the base system, which can take a while. That is followed by installing a kernel.
The last step is to install a boot loader. If the installer detects other operating systems on your computer, it will add them to the boot menu and let you know. By default GRUB will be installed to the boot record of the first harddrive, which is generally a good choice. You'll be given the opportiunity to override that choice and install it elsewhere.
debian-installer will now tell you that the installation has finished. Remove the cdrom or other boot media and hit Enter to reboot your machine. It should boot up into the next stage of the install process, which is explained in 章 7. 新しい Debian システムを起動させる.
If you need more information on the install process, see 章 6. Debian Installer の使用法.
If you successfully managed an installation with debian-installer, please take time to provide us with a report. There is a template named "install-report.template" in the /root directory of a freshly installed system. Please fill it out and file it as a bug against the package "installation-reports", as explained in 項5.3.5. 「バグ報告の送信」.
If you did not reach base-config or ran into other trouble, you probably found a bug in debian-installer. To improve the installer it is necessary that we know about them, so please take the time to report them. You can use an installation report to report problems; if the install completly fails, see 項5.3.4. 「バグレポータ」.
We hope that your Debian installation is pleasant and that you find Debian useful. You might want to read 章 8. 次のステップとそれから.